5 V, while 100 ��L of 0 2 or 2 mM glucose was added into 20 mL of

5 V, while 100 ��L of 0.2 or 2 mM glucose was added into 20 mL of electrolyte under a magnetically stirred condition to obtain a stepwise increase to reach a final concentration 1 ��M or 10 ��M.3.?Results and DiscussionThe XRD patterns of the as-prepared GO and Ni-rGO nanohybrids are shown in Figure 1. For GO, the characteristic peak at around 11.3�� (the d-spacing is about Belinostat ptcl 0.79 nm) is consistent with the interlayer spacing of GO sheets reported previously, which may be ascribed to the existence of oxygen-rich groups on both sides of the sheets and water molecules trapped between the sheets [29].Figure 1.XRD patterns of the as-prepared GO and Ni-rGO nanohybrids.In the XRD pattern of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the Ni-rGO nanohybrids, the clear diffraction bands centered at 2�� of 44.4��, 51.8��, and 76.
3�� are corresponding to the (111), (200), and (220) Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries crystal planes respectively of the face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni (JCPDS 04-0850, a = 0.3523 nm). A broad hump at 23.2�� can be attributed to the (002) diffraction of rGO, indicating the successfully reduction of GO by hydrazine hydrate [30]. In addition, the average size of Ni nanoparticles is 9.4 nm, which calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation based on the full width at half-maximum of the diffraction peak.Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of the as-prepared of GO and Ni-rGO nanohybrids. The broad absorpti
In the past few decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are composed of numerous nodes randomly distributed over a given region to collect information, have been successfully applied in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, medical care and intelligent households, etc.
[1]. The sensor nodes form a large scale, multi-hop self-organizing system, communicating their readings to the base station (BS). This type of network has played a significant role in the advancement of ubiquitous computing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and mobile communication.Conventionally, research on WSNs has focused Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries on nodes that transmit data via radio frequency (RF). The signal is transmitted omnidirectionally, so the network is generally modeled as a geometric random graph (GRG). Two nodes, AV-951 Si and Sj, can establish a bi-directional link if they are within a fixed communication radius r. However, the RF-based sensor networks (RFSNs) suffer from many potential issues, such as severe signal interference, attenuation and collision.
As one of the candidate technologies, free space optical sensor networks (FSOSNs) that are based on directed broad-beam free space optics (FSO), show favorable merits over RFSNs. These merits include the increased spatial reuse for communications, smaller node size, ultra-high bandwidths, enhanced security, and the reduction in interference, etc. [2].An increasing sellekchem number of studies have been focused on FSO-based sensor network systems [3�C6]. Just as nodes in RFSNs, nodes in FSOSNs are also generally designed to be small, light and cheap. Typically, a node is equipped with a sensing device (i.e.