Recurrent disease Disease recurrence frequently occurs locally in sites that have lost characteristic anatomic features due to surgery. In such cases early detection may allow for better salvage therapy and may be assisted with the use of PET. Glucose metabolism is typically low in scar tissue and high in recurrent tumor.
CT remains central in the characterization of post surgical changes and post-treatment monitoring, however, equivocal findings can be better characterized with the added metabolic information of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical PET. Unfortunately, the same limitations of PET previously discussed apply in this circumstance; specifically, only certain histologies exhibit sufficient uptake necessary for useful sensitivity, and spatial resolution is limited by the current technological limitations of the modality. De Potter et al. found a longer survival in a cohort of patients with recurrent disease who were PET-negative than their recurrent counterparts Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with PET-positive disease. However, de Potter warns that the poor sensitivity and low negative predictive
value makes PET inappropriate for screening during follow up; rather, PET can provide important information regarding prognosis Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in patients with recurrence (24). Sim et al. found that the sensitivity and specificity of PET was similar to CT in all sites of recurrence except peritoneum, where it was less sensitive (25). Conclusion PET is a promising modality with increasing use across a wide variety
of malignancies. It is increasingly used in GI cancers as an Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical adjunct in both staging and management decisions. Per NCCN and other consensus Selleckchem Pomalidomide guidelines, PET may be used as an option for greater specificity in characterizing suspected disease in gastric cancer; however, anatomic imaging remains the standard recommendation. Some data supports the use of PET in gastric cancer staging, particularly in characterizing distant metastases or lymphatic metastases beyond compartment I or II. Additional work is needed to refine the proposed PERCIST criteria and to find the best parameters of continuous variable for the use of PET in gastric Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and other GI malignancies. Footnotes No potential conflict of interest.
Barrett’s esophagus (BE), the esophageal squamous epithelium undergoes intestinal metaplasia to columnar mucosa. This transformation has been hypothesized to occur after prolonged exposure to an acid Mephenoxalone environment and is believed to be an intermediate step in the development of adenocarcinoma. Dysplasia in Barrett’s signifies progression toward adenocarcinoma and is classified as indeterminate, low grade, or high grade dysplasia (HGD). Patients with high grade dysplasia are at higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, and may have concomitant cancer. Understanding the prevalence of adenocarcinoma in patients with BE and HGD is critical due to the different potential approaches to management.