The middle and lower rows in Fig 2 show photographs of Petri dis

The middle and lower rows in Fig. 2 show photographs of Petri dishes of cells expressing rat ngH,K ATPase or transfected with rat Na,K ATPase 1 subunit alone . Only a few small rounded cells are found that are freely floating in the medium. Most cells were flat and adherent to the substrate. Examination of these cells at 400X magnification showed that they were confluent and did not have cytoplasmic granulations . Effect of palytoxin on oocytes and HeLa cells expressing Na,K and ngH,K pumps The two microelectrode voltage clamp technique was used to measure currents generated by K activation and PTX application in Xenopus oocytes expressing Bufo Na,K ATPase, Bufo ngH,K ATPase, or those injected with Bufo Na,K ATPase 2 subunit alone . An oocyte expressing Bufo Na,K ATPase was activated by 10 mM K and generated a small outward Na,K pump current . Exposure of oocytes expressing ngH,KATPase or those injected with subunit alone to 10 mM K did not produce this small initial outward current. A small inward current was generated after 10 mM K activation of Bufo bladder H,K ATPase.
After returning PI3K Inhibitors to K free solution measurements of membrane conductance were performed by making 50 mV depolarizing voltage steps from the holding potential of 50 mV at intervals of 30 s . Application of 5 nM PTX to the oocyte expressing Bufo Na,K ATPase resulted in an in inward current and an increase of membrane conductance. The conductance increase was very large, on average up to 30 times the base line membrane conductance . Oocytes expressing Bufo ngH,K ATPase or those injected with 2 subunit alone did not produce an inward current after 1 minute exposure of 5 nM PTX and the membrane conductance remained at the base line levels. Similar results were obtained at 10 nM PTX . Results at 5 and 10 nM PTX from 8 to 10 oocytes were combined and are summarized in Fig.3B. We also measured K activated currents and the effect of PTX in HeLa cells using the wholecell patch clamp technique at 40 mV . The current traces in Fig.
4 illustrate activation of an outward Na,K pump current on application of 20 mM K in a cell expressing rat Na,KATPase , but not in cells expressing either ngH,K ATPase or transfected with 1 subunit alone . After returning to K free solution all three categories of cells were exposed to 100 nM PTX and the membrane conductance was measured Maraviroc kinase inhibitor after about 3 min of exposure. The membrane conductance of HeLa cells expressing rat Na,K ATPase and exposed to PTX averaged 2.69 0.24 nS; ?30 fold greater than the membrane conductance measured in HeLa cells exposed to PTX and expressing rat ngH,K ATPase or those transfected with 1 subunit alone .