The structures of the three
new compounds were elucidated on the this website basis of HRESIMS, UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and the plausible mechanism of their formation was proposed. In addition, these compounds showed insulin sensitizing effect by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (C) 2012 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Klotho is a single-pass transmembrane protein that exerts its biological functions through multiple modes. Membrane-bound Klotho acts as coreceptor for the major phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), while soluble Klotho functions as an endocrine substance. In addition to in the distal nephron where it is abundantly expressed, Klotho is present in the proximal tubule lumen where it inhibits renal Pi excretion by modulating Na-coupled Pi transporters via enzymatic glycan modification of the transporter proteins – an effect completely independent of its role as the FGF23 coreceptor. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are states MAPK inhibitor of systemic Klotho deficiency, making Klotho a very sensitive
biomarker of impaired renal function. In addition to its role as a marker, Klotho also plays pathogenic roles in renal disease. Klotho deficiency exacerbates decreases in, while Klotho repletion or excess preserves, glomerular filtration rate in both AKI and CKD. Soft
tissue calcification, and especially vascular calcification, is a dire complication in CKD, associated with high mortality. Klotho protects against soft tissue calcification via at least 3 mechanisms: phosphaturia, preservation of renal function and a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting phosphate uptake and dedifferentiation. In summary, Klotho is a critical molecule in a wide variety of renal diseases and bears great potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as for therapeutic replacement therapy.”
“Two RG-7388 new 13,28-epoxyoleanane triterpene saponins, magnosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of Cybianthus magnus (Mez) Pipoly roots. Their structures were deduced by a combination of spectral analyses and chemical evidences as compared to data reported in the literature. The hemolytic activity of both compounds was measured. Compound 1 was shown to exhibit the strongest hemolytic activity with a HD50 of 3.8 mu M followed by 2 with a HD50 of 33.5 mu M. The bioactivity of compounds 1 and 2 was also evaluated in vitro against different cellular models including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes, mouse peritoneal macrophages and eight cancer cell lines. While neither of the tested compounds displayed any activity against M.