Monthly Archives: April 2017

Since there is a brief window between phagocytosis and degradation of lysosomal contents, EM studies may underestimate the synaptic content of microglial lysosomes. Together, these experiments suggest microglia can engulf presynaptic terminals of RGCs, though they do not rule out … Continue reading →

In the null direction, preceding inhibition might underlie the reduced spike activities and the increased temporal jitters, because it strongly suppressed the earlier phase of the excitation, but not the later phase (Figure 1 and Figure 2) (Gittelman et al., 2009, Ye et al., 2010 and Zhang et al., … Continue reading →

Thus, the initial spikes in a response to cortical input may already be part of a gamma-synchronized response (Fries et al., 2001). While a pure selleck rate code may be feasible as means to provide an initial cortical representation of sensory … Continue reading →

, 2001) and has characteristically distinct gene profiles (Thompson et al., 2008; Dong et al., 2009). In return, the septal and temporal segments of the hippocampus broadcast to different streams of structures (Amaral and Lavenex, 2007; Cenquizca and Swanson, 2007). In contrast … Continue reading →

73 ± 8 bpm), VG (74 ± 11 vs. 72 ± 11 bpm), or CO (77 ± 9 vs. 74 ± 6 bpm), respectively. Resting systolic and diastolic BP was also unaltered in all groups following the 16-week intervention (SG: 117 ± 15/75 ± 11 vs. 119 ± 13/76 ± 10 mmHg; VG: 121 ± 13/78 ± 9 vs. 118 ± 17/77 ± 11 mmHg; CO: 112 ± 16/74 ± 11 vs. 113 ± 17/74 ± 10 mmHg, respectively). The … Continue reading →

The neurally plausible maximum likelihood decoder of Jazayeri and Movshon (2006) failed in the same ways shown in Figure 4F. Because the maximum likelihood decoder in Equation 9 was designed to work with Gaussian noise in the model neurons, we verified that … Continue reading →

In a panel of iPSC-derived dopamine neurons from PD patients with mutations in either LRRK2 or PINK1, the kinase inhibitor GW5074 was reported to protect cultures from the toxicity of valinomycin (a potassium ionophore that induces oxidative stress and thus … Continue reading →

Mass spectrometry identified additional modification sites largely on interfaces where α/β-tubulin dimers interact during polymerization. All identified locations are consistent with a role in facilitating and/or stabilizing MT formation. Fifth, cold stable tubulin is a hallmark of nervous tissue; with … Continue reading →

The other two contrast combinations, where the two points in space change their contrast in opposite directions with one point becoming darker and the other point becoming lighter in either temporal order, are called “reverse-phi” stimuli. Intriguingly, such signals caused … Continue reading →

At the same time, these observations do not strongly imply integration. Models with little or no integration, e.g., “sequential sampling” models (Watson, 1979), can also produce dependence of RT on stimulus duration, increase in RT with difficulty (Ditterich, 2006) and … Continue reading →