AKT inhibitor|AKT pathway

Interestingly,

butanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi significantly reduced the TGF-beta 1-mediated EMT of MCF10A cells. Further analysis revealed that baicalin and baicalein, the major flavones of these butanol extracts, inhibited TGF-beta 1-mediated EMT by reducing the expression level of the EMT-related transcription factor, Slug via the NF-KB pathway, and subsequently increased migration in MCF10A cells. Finally, both compounds reduced the TGF-beta 1-mediated EMT, anchorage-independent growth and cell migration of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). Taken together, these results suggest that baicalin and baicalein of Scurellaria baicalensis Georgi may suppress the EMT of breast epithelial cells and the tumorigenic activity of breast cancer cells. Thus, these compounds could have potential as therapeutic or supplementary agents for the treatment of breast cancer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Gynura Selleckchem LY2606368 bicolor DC., a traditional vegetable in Japan, is cultivated as Kinjisou and Suizenjina in Ishikawa and Kumamoto prefectures, mTOR inhibitor respectively. The adaxial side of the leaves of G. bicolor grown in a field is green, and the abaxial side is reddish purple. It has been reported that these reddish purple

pigments are anthocyanins. Although we established a culture system of G. bicolor, the leaves of G. bicolor plants grown under our culture conditions showed green color on both sides of all leaves. We investigated the effects of phytohormones and chemical treatments on anthocyanin accumulation in cultured plants. Although anthocyanin

accumulation in the leaves was slightly stimulated, anthocyanins accumulation in the OSI 906 roots of the cultured plant was induced remarkably by 25-50 mu M methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment. This induction was affected by light irradiation and sucrose concentration in the culture medium. However, salicylic acid (SA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid did not induce anthocyanin accumulation in roots. And then, combinations of MJ and SA or MJ and AgNO(3) did not stimulate the anthocyanin accumulation in the root as found in the case of treatment by MJ solely.”
“Williams KC, Burdo TH. HIV and SIV infection: the role of cellular restriction and immune responses in viral replication and pathogenesis. APMIS 2009; 117: 400-12.\n\nThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a long biological history. Both viruses evolved from Africa and remnants of them can be found in the ‘fossil record’ of several species in which they are not endemic. SIV remains endemic in several species of monkeys in Africa where it does not cause immune deficiency. HIV and SIV actively replicate within humans and Asian non-human primates, despite cellular and genetic viral restriction factors and genes, and at times robust innate and adaptive immune responses.

napus.”
“Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a characteristic metastatic course of disease and resistance to conventional radiotherapy. As a result, the continual development of novel therapeutic agents is required to improve the current situation. In the present study, the effect of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, on cellular radiosensitivity was determined in K-RAS(wt) Colo-357 and K-RAS(mt) SW-1990 human pancreatic cancer cell lines using the clonogenic survival assay. Apoptosis

and cell cycle distribution were detected using flow cytometry assay. Following irradiation (30 mins), residual double-strand breaks were quantified by identification of gamma-H2AX foci of micronuclei and radiation-induced gamma-H2AX, p-ATM, DNA-PKcs and Ku70 expression was analyzed using western blot analysis. The selleck epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, gefitinib, were utilized to determine the related mechanisms. The results revealed that cyclopamine treatment significantly reduced cell clonogenic survival but failed to induce apoptosis and radiation-induced G2 arrest. Flow cytometry revealed that cyclopamine treatment enhanced gamma-H2AX foci in Colo-357 and SW-1990 cells exposed to irradiation. In addition, radiation-induced p-ATM,

DNA-PKcs and Ku70 were all inhibited. EGF also rescued pancreatic cancer cells from cyclopamine-induced H2AX phosphorylation following irradiation. Thus, cyclopamine enhanced the radiosensitivity learn more AZD7762 of human pancreatic cancer cells, in part, through an EGFR-dependent pathway, indicating

a rational approach in combination with radiotherapy.”
“Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal energy delivery system used for coagulative cellular destruction of small tumors through percutaneous or intraoperative application of its needle electrode to the target area, and for assisting partial resection of liver and kidney. We tried to evaluate the regional oxidative and pre-inflammatory stress of RFA-assisted wedge lung resection, by measuring the MDA and tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration in the resected lung tissue of a swine model.\n\nMethod: Fourteen white male swines, divided in two groups, the RFA-group and the control group (C-group) underwent a small left thoracotomy and wedge lung resection of the lingula. The wedge resection in the RFA-group was performed using the RFA technique whereas in C-group the simple “cut and sew” method was performed. We measured the malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-alpha concentration in the resected lung tissue of both groups.\n\nResults: In C-group the MDA mean deviation rate was 113 +/- 42.6 whereas in RFA-group the MDA mean deviation rate was significantly higher 353 +/- 184 (p = 0.006).

This showed that the BMS-777607 supplier original adsorbed exchangeable Pan the sediment was released back to the water. The amount of P released from the sediment was strongly related to the content of NaOH-P. The fact that NaOH-P could easily release P in the Qingcaosha reservoir was noted.

Thus, NaOH-P could give some useful information regarding the potential release of P from sediment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an important signal molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. In this study we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of exogenous NO on anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango fruit. ‘GuifeP mango fruit were treated with NO donor (sodium nitroprusside of 0.1 mM) at 25 degrees C for 5 min, inoculated with spore suspension of C. gloeosporioides after 24h of NO treatment, and stored at ambient temperature (25 degrees C). NO treatment effectively suppressed lesion development on mango fruit inoculated with C gloeosporioides, and lesion diameters at 2 through 8 d in NO-treated fruit averaged 30% lower than those in control fruit. Additionally, NO treatment reduced natural anthracnose incidence and severity of mango fruit ripened at ambient temperature, and the values of both parameters from 4 to 10 d of storage in NO-treated fruit

averaged 40 and 45% lower, respectively, than those for control fruit. NO did not exhibit in vitro antifungal activity against C gloeosporioides. NO treatment enhanced the activities NCT-501 nmr of defense-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), peroxidase (POD), beta-1,3-glucanase

(GLU) and chitinase (CHT). NO treatment also promoted the accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin that might contribute to inhibition of the pathogen. In addition to antifungal efficacy, NO treatment delayed flesh softening, yellowing, and changes in soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), and peaks of respiration rate and learn more ethylene production during ripening. These results suggest that the resistance of NO-treated mango to anthracnose may be attributed to activation of defense responses as well as delay of ripening. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The aim of this study was to compare type occurrence and reliability of the Wassel and Rotterdam classifications for radial polydactyly. Methods: The authors classified a large population of radial polydactyly patients from two European clinics using both classification systems, and compared the incidences of the different types to a population derived from a systematic literature review. The authors further assessed intraobserver and interobserver reliability of both classification systems in a test-retest design with seven observers, using kappa statistics.

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.spinger.com/00266.”
“Background

and Purpose Ectonucleotidases control extracellular nucleotide levels and consequently, their (patho)physiological responses. Among these enzymes, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), 2, 3 and 8 are the major ectonucleotidases responsible for nucleotide hydrolysis at the cell surface under selleck compound physiological conditions, and NTPDase1 is predominantly located at the surface of vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. Efficacious inhibitors of NTPDase1 are required to modulate responses induced by nucleotides in a number of pathological situations such

as thrombosis, inflammation and cancer. Experimental Approach Here, we present the synthesis and enzymatic characterization of five 8-BuS-adenine nucleotide derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of NTPDase1. Key Results The compounds 8-BuS-AMP, 8-BuS-ADP and 8-BuS-ATP inhibit recombinant human and mouse NTPDase1 by mixed type inhibition, predominantly competitive with Ki values <1M. In contrast to 8-BuS-ATP which could be hydrolyzed by other NTPDases, the other BuS derivatives selleck chemicals were resistant to hydrolysis by either NTPDase1, 2, 3 or 8. 8-BuS-AMP and 8-BuS-ADP were the most potent and selective inhibitors of NTPDase1 expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as in situ in human and mouse tissues. As expected, as a result

of their inhibition of recombinant click here human NTPDase1, 8-BuS-AMP and 8-BuS-ADP impaired the ability of this enzyme to block platelet aggregation. Importantly, neither of these two inhibitors triggered platelet aggregation nor prevented ADP-induced platelet aggregation, in support of their inactivity towards P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors. Conclusions and Implications The 8-BuS-AMP and 8-BuS-ADP have therefore potential to serve as drugs for the treatment of pathologies regulated by NTPDase1.”
“Advances in the optimization of in vitro-transcribed mRNA are bringing mRNA-mediated therapy closer to reality. In cultured cells, we recently achieved high levels of translation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-purified, in vitro-transcribed mRNAs containing the modified nucleoside pseudouridine. Importantly, pseudouridine rendered the mRNA non-immunogenic. Here, using erythropoietin (EPO)-encoding mRNA complexed with TransIT-mRNA, we evaluated this new generation of mRNA in vivo. A single injection of 100 ng (0.005 mg/kg) mRNA elevated serum EPO levels in mice significantly by 6 hours and levels were maintained for 4 days. In comparison, mRNA containing uridine produced 10-100-fold lower levels of EPO lasting only 1 day. EPO translated from pseudouridine-mRNA was functional and caused a significant increase of both reticulocyte counts and hematocrits.

We combined these two types of data in a composite map. We repeated this procedure for the second highest frequencies in Europe. Major groups were assigned to Northern, Western and Eastern Europe. North Africa built a separate region,

Southeastern Europe, Turkey and Near East were divided into several regions. The spatial distribution of the groups accounting for the second highest frequencies in Europe overlapped with the territories of the largest countries. The genetic structure presented in the composite maps fits major historical geopolitical regions and is in agreement with previous studies of genetic frequencies, validating our approach. Our genetic geostatistical approach provides, on the basis of two composite maps, detailed evidence of the geographical distribution and relative frequencies of the most predominant groups of the extant male European population, examined on the basis of forensic Y-STR haplotypes. The ML323 mouse existence of considerable genetic differences among geographic subgroups in Europe has important consequences for the statistical inference in forensic Y-STR haplotype analyses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Study of repeated learning mechanisms has been limited in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease modifiable by cognitive rehabilitation. MK-2206 molecular weight We assessed repeated contextual working memory decline as an indicator of amnestic mild cognitive

impairment in a sample of 45 older adults recruited from the tertiary care setting. Microtubule Associat inhibitor Results indicated that contextual working memory impairment distinguished adults with preclinical disease from those without impairment despite similar overall

cognitive performance, and comparison of the indicator with standard-of-care neuropsychological measures indicated discriminant validity. Contextual working memory impairment may represent a novel predictor of Alzheimer disease conversion risk.”
“This study presents elastically supported Timoshenko column with attached masses for free vibration analysis using fuzzy neural network. Neuro fuzzy frequency estimation (NFEE) models were developed to compute vibration frequencies using fuzzy logic toolbox of software Matlab 7.0. Gaussian membership functions and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used in NFFE model. Hybrid learning rule was applied for quantifying output variables in NFFE model. Frequency values of column with 1, 5 and 10 attached masses were computed. Training sets for NFFE models used transfer matrix method (TMM). During testing of NFFE model, good agreement was observed with results obtained using TMM as reduction in computation effort.”
“Grain texture in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important quality character. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Hordoindoline a (hina) gene and its relationship with hardness index among North American barley cultivars were investigated.

005) in three domains: Physical, Psychological, and Environment. Conclusion:

SLE with intense activity determines a worse QOL condition than inactive GSK2126458 SLE. The assessment of QOL enables the knowledge of disease and treatment impact in a contextualized way, which can render more appropriate and more comprehensive interventions.”
“Drought is a major limitation to sustainable sugarcane production worldwide and the study of candidate genes provide a productive approach for establishing the basic responses of plants to drought. In present study, 14 putative candidate genes belonging to abscisic acid (ABA) independent pathway were screened on a set of tolerant species clones belonging to Saccharum spontaneum, S. barber!, S. sinense, S. robustum and Erianthus and the susceptible species clones of S. officinarum. Out of these, 11 genes viz., DREB 1A, DRF 1, Hep2, HRD, NAC 2, NIT 1, PIN 3, SHN 1, S1Z 1, Snac 1 and Wrky 38 were present in Saccharum and Erianthus, highlighting the role of these genes in drought tolerance. Elafibranor The number of candidate genes detected in S. officinarum ranged from zero to three. Three typical clones viz, Awela 68, Laukona 15 and 57 NG 215 did not show the presence of any of the drought specific genes studied, showing their pure S. officinarum nature, while the rest are suspected

to be introgressed forms evolved in their place of origin/diversity. All the drought tolerant species clones exhibited eight to eleven genes indicating the role of these genes in imparting drought tolerance in sugarcane. All genes were uniformly present in drought tolerant species clones viz., kitty 2, S. spontaneum (Coimbatore) and SES 600 (S. spontaneum), NG 77-59 (S. robustum), Kewali and Khatuia (S. barber,), Ikhri (S. sinense) and IK 76-62 and IK 76-48 (Erianthus sp.). These clones could serve as potential donors in pre-breeding activities for genetic improvement PLX4032 inhibitor of drought tolerance in sugarcane and the eleven sugarcane specific drought responsive genes can serve as novel and functional

candidate gene markers in marker-assisted introgression breeding programmes.”
“As vegetation recovers after disturbances such as fire its composition and structure systematically changes, affecting the availability of resources for fauna and mediating physical conditions. According to the habitat accommodation model, these changes drive a succession of animal species, which enter and leave according to their habitat requirements. While the response of ants to fire has been extensively studied, studies of ant communities in biomes with long fire-return intervals have been overwhelmingly short-term in nature. Here, we explore the response of ant species, functional groups and communities to time since fire using a uniquely long-term ( bigger than 300 years) chronosequence in eucalypt woodlands of southwestern Australia.

(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“P>Uncommitted (naive) CD4+ T helper cells (Thp) can be induced to differentiate to specific lineages according

to the local cytokine milieu, towards T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (T(reg)) phenotypes in a mutually exclusive manner. Each phenotype is characterized by unique signalling pathways and expression of specific transcription factors, notably T-bet for Th1, GATA-3 for Th2, forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) for T(regs) and receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)alpha and ROR gamma t for Th17 cells. T(regs) and Th17 cells have been demonstrated to arise from common precursors in a reciprocal manner based on exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta or TGF-beta plus interleukin (IL)-6 and carry out diametrically opposing functions, namely suppression or propagation of inflammation, respectively. buy SCH 900776 However, while epigenetic modifications in Th1 and Th2 differentiated cells prevents their conversion to other phenotypes, Th17 cells generated in vitro using TGF-beta and IL-6 are unstable and can convert to other

phenotypes, especially Th1, both in vitro and in vivo. T(regs) are generated from naive precursors both in the thymus (natural, nT(regs)) and in the periphery (induced, iT(regs)). The highly suppressive function of T(regs) enables them to control many inflammatory diseases in animals and makes them particularly buy STI571 attractive candidates for immunotherapy in humans. The stability of the T(reg) phenotype is therefore of paramount importance

in this context. Recent descriptions of T(reg) biology have suggested that components of pathogens or inflammatory mediators may subvert the suppressive function of T(regs) in order to allow propagation of adequate immune responses. Unexpectedly, however, a number of groups have now described conversion of T(regs) to the Th17 phenotype induced by appropriate Syk inhibitor inflammatory stimuli. These observations are particularly relevant in the context of cell therapy but may also explain some of the dysregulation seen in autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we review T(reg) to Th17 conversion and propose some potential mechanisms for this phenomenon.”
“The sulphur and nitrogen mustards are strong alkylating agents, which induces inflammations of the skin including blistering right up to ulcerations. Depending on the severity, the wounds may need weeks to heal. In the past it was shown that sulphur mustard has a destructive effect on endothelial precursor cells, which have been shown to play a pivotal role in the wound healing reaction by inducing neovascularisation. However, for these alkylating agents as well as for sulphur mustard nothing is known about their effects on endothelial precursors.

(C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.”
“Aim: To compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk factors in patients with a known onset of diabetes before 40 years and after 40 years of age. Methods: This is a population-based study for which 1,414 diabetics were recruited. The fundi were photographed using 45-degree 4-field stereoscopic digital photography. The diagnosis of DR was based on Klein’s classification of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scales. Results: The prevalence of DR was 33.3% (95% confidence interval, CI: 26.6-39.9) in known onset of diabetes (<= 40 years) compared to 15.6% (95% CI: 13.6-17.6)

in those with Wnt mutation late onset (>40 years; p<0.0001). In the group with age of known Selleckchem Citarinostat onset of diabetes <= 40 years, the risk factors, associated with any DR, were poor glycemic control (odds ratio, OR: 1.36 for every g% increase in

glycosylated hemoglobin), insulin use (OR: 4.21), increasing known duration of diabetes (OR: 1.10 for increase of every year in known duration of diabetes) and presence of macroalbuminuria (OR: 13.39). In the late onset of diabetes group, besides the above-mentioned risk factors, the presence of microalbuminuria (OR: 2.08), male gender (OR: 1.67), presence of anemia (OR: 1.89) and increased systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.01) were the risk factors for DR. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR was almost twice more in those subjects

who developed diabetes before the age of 40 years than those who developed it later. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg in South Korean and Taiwanese patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).\n\nThis was a 12-month, open-label, single-arm, multi-center, Belinostat phase III study. Ninety-five patients (Taiwanese: 51; South Korean: 44) were included in the study. Key outcome measures assessed included: mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to months 4 (primary endpoint) and 12 (secondary endpoint); other secondary endpoints comprising categorized mean change in BCVA from baseline at month 4 and month 12, mean change in BCVA from baseline at month 4 and month 12 per baseline characteristics; and incidence of ocular and non-ocular adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs) at month 12.\n\nThe mean BCVA change improved significantly (p < 0.0001) from baseline to both month 4 (+9.3 letters) and month 12 (+10.1 letters). At month 12, the proportion of patients who gained a parts per thousand yen5, 10, or 15 letters from baseline was 75.8%, 54.7%, and 32.6% respectively. Total and CNV lesion area significantly decreased from baseline (p < 0.0001). About 57% of patients showed complete absence of fluorescein leakage at month 12.

Compared with sos1-1 mutant transformed with the empty binary vector, seeds from TdSOS1 or TdSOS1a dagger 972 transgenic plants had better germination under salt stress and more robust seedling growth in agar plates as well as in nutritive solution containing Na+ or Li+ salts. The root elongation of TdSOS1a dagger 972 transgenic lines was higher than Screening Library purchase that of Arabidopsis sos1-1 mutant transformed with TdSOS1 or with the endogenous AtSOS1 gene. Under salt stress, TdSOS1a dagger 972 transgenic lines showed greater water retention capacity and retained low Na+ and high K+ in their shoots and roots.

Our data showed that the hyperactive form TdSOS1a dagger 972 conferred a significant ionic stress tolerance to Arabidopsis plants and suggest that selection of hyperactive alleles of the SOS1 transport protein may pave the way for obtaining salt-tolerant crops.”
“Legionaminic acid is a nine-carbon diamino monosaccharide that is found coating the surface of various bacterial human pathogens. Its unique structure makes CX-6258 in vitro it a valuable

biological probe, but access via isolation is difficult and no practical synthesis has been reported. We describe a stereoselective synthesis that yields a legionaminic acid building block as well as linker-equipped conjugation-ready legionaminic acid starting from cheap d-threonine. To set the desired amino and hydroxyl group pattern of the target, we designed a concise sequence of stereoselective reactions. The key transformations rely on chelation-controlled organometallic additions and a Petasis multicomponent reaction. The legionaminic acid was synthesized in a form that enables attachment to surfaces. Glycan microarray containing legionaminic acid revealed that human antibodies bind the synthetic glycoside. The synthetic bacterial monosaccharide is

a valuable probe to detect an immune response to bacterial pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease.”
“Roberts Crenolanib MD, Company JM, Brown JD, Toedebusch RG, Padilla J, Jenkins NT, Laughlin MH, Booth FW. Potential clinical translation of juvenile rodent inactivity models to study the onset of childhood obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R247-R258, 2012. First published June 13, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00167.2012.-According to the latest data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 17%, or 12.5 million, of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years in the United States are obese. Physical inactivity is designated as one of the actual causes of US deaths and undoubtedly contributes to the obesity epidemic in children and adults. Examining the effects of inactivity on physiological homeostasis during youth is crucial given that 58% of children between the ages 6-11 yr old fail to obtain the recommended 60 min/day of physical activity and 92% of adolescents fail to achieve this goal [Troiano et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 40, 2008].

(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background Management of operative delivery in pregnant women after reconstruction of the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) using bowel segments remains a challenge.\n\nPatients and Methods We report urological history, pregnancy and delivery course of Crenigacestat price two BEEC patients after previous abdominal bowel surgeries. One had an ileocecal pouch after previously failed reconstruction, and the other had an ileum augmentation and a catheterizable Mitrofanoff stoma after functional reconstruction of the

exstrophic bladder.\n\nResults Frequent bacteriuria and hydronephrosis warranted low-dose prophylaxis throughout pregnancy in one female, bilateral mild upper tract dilatation sonographic monitoring in both patients. Both were successfully delivered by cesarean section. No complications or clinical and sonographic signs for prolapse occurred. However, our operative experience revealed the importance of the abdominal incision type after different reconstructed reservoirs.\n\nConclusion Though care should be intense in pregnant BEEC individuals,

patients should not be discouraged to have own children. To facilitate successful pregnancy outcome operative delivery should be done as a interdisciplinary team work and click here emergency situations should be avoided by meticulous planning and counseling of the BEEC patients.”
“Aim: Bone loss in renal transplant (RT) patients is a problem that begins during end-stage kidney disease and persists after transplantation. Suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) may decrease bone loss and improve

fracture rate.\n\nMethods: A single-group prospective intervention study involving 30 patients was performed selleck chemical at a large RT unit. Investigations included dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry scan, vertebral X-ray, calcium absorption test, 24-h urinary calcium and serum measurements of total and ionized calcium, PTH, C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.\n\nPatients were given 500 mg elemental calcium daily for seven d, and serum measurements were repeated.\n\nResults: Two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed significant decreases in PTH (p < 0.01) and CTX (p < 0.01) after calcium load. Dietary calcium, mean calcium absorption, and urinary calcium excretion were below desirable levels. Mean 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) was low, but levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were normal. Calcium absorption significantly correlated with change in PTH (p < 0.001), baseline 25(OH) D (p < 0.001), and mycophenolate dose (p = 0.024).\n\nConclusions: Calcium malabsorption is prevalent in RT recipients, contributing to bone destruction and compounded by poor dietary intake and low 25(OH) D. Calcium supplementation appears to help overcome this deficiency and acutely suppress PTH.