Acknowledgments This symposium is approved as one of the satellite symposia of
WCN 2013 by the International Society of Nephrology and fully supported by the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology. JNJ-26481585 cell line The symposium was also supported by grants from the Kidney Foundation, Japan, the Uehara Memorial Foundation and Fukuoka City.”
“Introduction Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Japanese adults has been estimated to be 13 % [1]. Patients with CKD are associated with high BP and, in turn, hypertension is an independent risk factor for developing of CKD [2, 3]. Ambulatory blood pressure MRT67307 mouse monitoring (ABPM) has come to be used as a powerful medical examination device since late 80s, and various indicators calculated from
ABPM data have been reported as novel predictive factors for several organ injuries [4–7]. The fluctuation in BP during a day, also known as nocturnal BP change (NBPC), has been focused and the relationship between NBPC and CVDs was studied. NBPC measurment indicates that it is insufficient for treatment of hypertension to achieve the optimal BP by using solely office BP. ABPM data can be used to evaluate diurnal variation. In addition, data can also produce a novel indicator to evaluate 24-h BP control from other
viewpoints. One indicator is the hyperbaric area index (HBI). First reported in 1984 [8], it was believed to be an indicator of BP load. HBI is defined as the area encircled by polygonal line of ambulatory BP and the boundary line of hypertension. HBI did not judge hypertension from single BP measurement, but combined multiple BP measurements and time, based on BP variability [9]. However, HBI lacks clear definitions, such as, on which value the boundary line for hypertension is set up. In recent years, this ADP ribosylation factor index has been examined in a few studies targeting several diseases, such as hypertension [10] and AZD0156 diabetes complication [11]. In the past few years, attempts have been made to evaluate HBI as a predictive indicator in the field of pregnancy-induced hypertension [12, 13]. We recently reported the high prevalence of masked hypertension in CKD population and the association between NBPC and the reduction of kidney function using the ABPM data in the CKD Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) study [14].