Current research has mostly concentrated on families from an urban setting, therefore may not be applicable to other populations. Design. Prospective cohort study. Methods. Family members of patients admitted in the intensive care unit
for =48 hours over buy VX-689 18 months, in a mixed medical-surgical, 11 bed closed intensive care unit. Questionnaire: The Greek translation of Critical Care Family Need Inventory, which consists of 45 need items covering the information, reassurance, proximity, support and comfort domains. Each item was scored on a four-point scale (1 = very important to 4 = not important). Participants were also asked to single out the most important need from the Critical Care Family Need Inventory and complete a questionnaire on basic demographic characteristics. Results. CP-456773 Sodium Two hundred and thirty (65%) family members completed the questionnaire. Mean score for each of the 45 items ranged from 1.033 (scale from 1: very
important4: not important). Fourteen items were rated by responders as very important (mean score <1.25). Reassurance need items were consistently singled out as most important regardless of the participants background. Participants with a lower educational and socio-economical status rated support need items as more important than those with a higher status. Conclusion. In this particular suburban/rural population, both universal reassurance needs and specific support needs related to responders educational or socio-economical background were identified. Relevance to clinical practice. Enhanced recognition of these needs may improve quality of care offered by intensive care unit-care team to families of their patients.”
“The present study involves analysis of growth, photosynthesis, oxidant (H(2)O(2)) accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Nigella sativa L. as affected by foliar kinetin (KIN) application during salt stress. The test plants were treated with 75 or 150 mM NaCl since germination and sprayed with either water or 10 mu M KIN in 25 days after emergence.
Salt stress, PFTα chemical structure especially at the higher NaCl concentration, was found to induce a substantial decrease in leaf relative water content and subsequently in leaf area and stomatal conductance; chlorophyll content and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity were also affected, resulting in the lower net photosynthetic rate and dry matter production. Moreover, H(2)O(2) content increased in the salt-treated plants, concomitant with an increase in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities; however, the activity of catalase declined. Meanwhile KIN was found to reduce appreciably the adverse effects of salinity, besides favorably modulating antioxidant enzyme activities and alleviating oxidative stress in the test plants, to result in a higher yield as compared to the untreated stressed plants.