Despite the fact that many studies were conducted in adults, limi

Despite the fact that many studies were conducted in adults, limited data

exist for pediatric patients.

Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System, a database containing administrative information from 42 United States children’s hospitals, was used to identify children admitted for the treatment of CI between 2003 and 2008. All pediatric inpatients less than 19 years of age who received an ICD-9 code for cryptococcosis or cryptococcal meningitis (CM) were included. Data regarding presence of underlying medical conditions, antifungal therapies administered, and hospital discharge disposition were evaluated.

Results: A total of 63 cases click here of CI were identified, for a CI admission frequency of 6.2 cases per million

hospitalizations. Most patients (63.5%) had an underlying immunocompromising medical condition, whereas 21% were immunocompetent and 16% were infected with HIV. Cryptococcosis not involving the central nervous system was more common than CM (62% vs. 38%). Most patients received a combination of fluconazole, amphotericin, and flucytosine in their treatment regimen; however, 9 patients received no antifungal medications. The overall in-hospital case fatality rate was 9.5%.

Conclusions: The majority of pediatric cryptococcosis occurred in non-HIV-infected patients. However, most patients had other immunocompromising medical conditions. Patients with CM usually received therapy in accordance with the Infectious Selleckchem ICG-001 Disease Society of America guidelines for adults, but patients with non-CM were more likely to receive therapies not supported by these guidelines.”
“Objective: To assess preoperative

parameters that may be predictive of pathologic stage T2a disease in low-risk prostate cancer patients. Methods: Data from a cohort of 1,495 consecutive men with low-risk prostate cancer who underwent MS-275 chemical structure a radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2009 were evaluated. Preoperative parameter assessment focused on age, race, clinical stage, diagnostic PSA level, biopsy tumor laterality and diagnostic Gleason score. Preoperative parameters were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the biochemical disease-free survival. Results: Among the 1,495 men, 236 (15.8%) had pT2a disease. In univariate analysis, biopsy tumor unilaterality (p < 0.001), diagnostic PSA <= 4 ng/ml (p < 0.001) and non-African-American race (p = 0.009) were significant variables. In multivariate analysis, biopsy tumor laterality (OR 0.377; p < 0.001), diagnostic PSA <= 4 ng/ml (OR 0.621; p = 0.002) and race (OR 0.583; p = 0.029) were independent predictors. Low-risk patients with pT2a disease showed a better PSA recurrence-free survival rate, compared with men with >pT2a diseases (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Biopsy tumor unilaterality, diagnostic PSA <= 4 ng/ml and race are independent predictors of pT2a in low-risk prostate cancer.

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