J Infect Dis 2010, 202:171–175.PubMedCrossRef 41. Nett JE, Crawford K, Marchillo K, Andes DR: Role of Fks1p and matrix glucan in Candida albicans biofilm resistance to an echinocandin, pyrimidine, and polyene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(8):3505–3508. Competing interests The authors declare that they
have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions ZX participated in the design of the study, performed the experimental procedures, carried out the HKI-272 cell line data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. AT and HK helped in certain experimental procedures. ADB conceived the study and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Staphylococcus aureus is a leading Sorafenib purchase cause of diseases such as skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, osteomyelitis and endocarditis, as well as toxin-mediated syndromes like toxic shock and food poisoning [1, 2]. It has developed resistance to a wide range of Peptide 17 ic50 antimicrobial drugs, which complicates the treatment of infections. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become a notorious etiologic agent for a wide variety of infections and it is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide [3–6]. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) become MRSA through the acquisition and insertion into their genomes of a large DNA fragment known as staphylococcal chromosome cassette
mec (SCCmec), which contains the methicillin resistance determinant, mecA [7]. Several variants of SCCmec have been described, which differ with respect to the composition of their recombinase Olopatadine genes and mec gene complex (containing the mecA gene) [8, 9]. In the developing world, mortality associated with severe S. aureus infections far exceeds that in developed countries [10, 11]. Recent studies have identified S. aureus as the main etiological agent of many infections in sub-Saharan Africa [12–16], and a number of investigations have reported that S. aureus is among the most frequently encountered bacterial species in microbiology laboratories in Nigeria [17–22]. However, data on the molecular epidemiology of this pathogen in Nigeria is very
limited. Recent reports have indicated that the prevalence of hospital-associated MRSA varies in health care institutions [23, 24]. A community-associated MRSA clone with a unique resistance profile has also been reported from South-West Nigeria [25]. To understand and potentially predict trends in antibiotic-resistance patterns and to establish adequate infection control programs, it is crucial to understand the local epidemiology of S. aureus in Nigeria. Knowledge of the local antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens is essential to guide empirical and pathogen specific therapy. The threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has initiated studies on the nature of genes encoding resistance and the mechanism by which these genes spread and evolve.