Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether DCs pl

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether DCs play a central role in the Der p 2 rBCG-mediated inhibition of allergic airway inflammation. Methods: DCs were collected Vorinostat price from Der p 2 rBCG-immunized mice (Der p 2 rBCG-DCs) and adoptively transferred to Der p 2-sensitized mice. The effects of DCs on airway inflammation and immune regulation were analyzed. Results: Adoptive transfer of DCs from Der p 2 rBCG-immunized mice suppressed asthmatic responses, including airway inflammation, mucin secretion and airway responsiveness.

Der p 2 rBCG-DCs could effectively inhibit excessive Th2 immune responses and induced a subtype of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ anti-specific regulatory T cells in this asthma model. Furthermore, Der p 2 rBCG immunization recruited more plasmacytoid DCs in abdominal draining lymph nodes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that DCs played a key role in Der p 2 rBCG-induced immunoregulation. Compared with BCG, Der p 2 rBCG displayed a more potent inhibitory effect on asthma responses, which may be related to the increase in plasmacytoid DC recruitment. These results see more improve our understanding of the cellular basis of Der p 2 BCG-mediated inhibition of asthma. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective

We

hypothesized that smoking rates among the Gay and Lesbian Community (GLC) in Ireland are not significantly different

from the general Irish population.

Methods

A convenience sampling of self-identified GLC was recruited using electronic (n = 700) and print (n = 500) media procedures in response to survey call advertisements (December 2006-March 2007). In all, 1,113 had complete smoking data and were analyzed. Data on a random sample of 4,000 individuals, using the Irish Office of Tobacco Control monthly telephone survey, were analyzed for the same period.

Results

Adjusted smoking rates in GLC were 26 and 24.6% in the general Irish population (P = 0.99), while “”heavy”" (>= 20 cigarettes/day) smoking prevalence was 44.1 and 36.6%, respectively (P = 0.02). Upper Fer-1 solubility dmso SES GLCs are “”heavy”" smokers compared with general population of similar SES group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

When considering two different sampling methodologies, this study suggests that smoking rates among the GLC in Ireland are not significantly different from the general Irish population.”
“Background: To determine the suitability of different superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) application methods during tracheal bleeding. Objective: To determine the effect of SHFJV on the aspiration of blood during tracheal bleeding. Methods: A test lung was ventilated using SHFJV via a rigid endoscope, a jet laryngoscope and a 4-lumen jet catheter.

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