Opioid analgesics with decreased risk for abuse are needed.
Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that opioids combined with ultra-low-dose naltrexone (NTX) may have increased analgesic potency and have suggested reduced abuse or dependence liability. This study addressed whether addition of ultra-low-dose naltrexone might decrease the abuse liability
of oxycodone (OXY) in humans.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study systematically examined the subjective and physiological effects of combining oral OXY and ultra-low NTX doses in 14 experienced opioid abusers. Seven acute drug conditions given at least 5 days apart were see more compared in a within-subject crossover design: placebo, OXY 20 mg, OXY 40 mg, plus each of the active OXY doses combined with 0.0001 and 0.001 mg NTX.
The methods were sensitive to detecting opioid effects on abuse liability indices, with significant differences between all OXY conditions and placebo as well as between 20 and 40
mg OXY doses on positive subjective ratings (e.g., “”I feel a good drug effect”" or “”I like the drug”"), on observer- and participant-rated opioid agonist effects, and on a drug-versus-money value rating. There were no significant differences or evident trends associated with the addition of either NTX dose on any eFT-508 purchase abuse liability indices.
The addition of ultra-low-dose NTX to OXY did not decrease abuse liability of acutely administered OXY in experienced opioid abusers.”
“Increasing evidence suggests a detrimental effect of donor-specific antibodies directed against the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, and -DR loci on renal allograft outcomes. Limited data exist on the impact of de novo HLA-DQ antibodies. Over a 3-year period, we prospectively monitored 347 renal transplant recipients without pre-transplant donor-specific antibodies for their development de novo. After 26 months of follow-up, 62 patients developed donor-specific antibodies, of which 48 had a HLA-DQ antibody either alone (33 patients) or in combination with an HLA-A, -B, or -DR antibody (15 patients). Only 14 patients developed a donor-specific HLA-A, -B, or -DR antibody without
a HLA-DQ antibody present. Acute rejection occurred in 21% of the buy Pevonedistat HLA-DQ-only patients, insignificant when compared with 11% of patients without donor-specific antibodies. At the last follow-up, the mean serum creatinine and the fraction of patients with proteinuria were significantly higher in those that developed only HLA-DQ than those without antibodies. The 3-year graft survival was significantly worse when HLA-DQ antibodies were combined with non-DQ antibodies (52%) compared with HLA-DQ alone, non-DQ antibodies alone, or no antibodies (92-94%). Thus, our prospective monitoring study found that donor-specific HLA-DQ antibodies were the most common type detected and these antibodies may contribute to inferior graft outcomes.