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“The structure of the temporalis muscle was examined in detail from cadaveric specimens (32 specimens from 16 subjects: 5 males, average age 80.6 years; 11 females, average age 88.6 years) and Computerized Tomography (CT) and T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) images from normal clinical patients (10 females: average age 45.0 years). Three parts of the muscle were clearly delineated in all cadaveric specimens: (1) the classically recognized superficial part, (2) a zygomatic part, and (3) a complex deep part. In one female
specimen, the superficial Nutlin-3a inhibitor temporalis demonstrated extensive insertions into the zygomatic process and temporomandibular joint. The zygomatic temporalis originates from the zygomatic arch to insert into the superficial part of the temporalis as it inserts into the lateral surface of the coronoid process. In all specimens, the deep temporalis contained muscle bundles that originated from various crests
along the anterior surface of the temporal fossa and inserted into the internal aspect of the coronoid process and retromolar triangle, inter-digitating with the buccinator, mylohyoid, and superior constrictor muscles. The confluence of muscle fibers into the buccinator muscle was confirmed in all CT/MRI images. The deep and zygomatic parts described were regarded as accessory muscle bellies previously, but are demonstrably part of the temporalis muscle as a whole. Clin. Anat. 22:655-664, 2009. (C) Stem Cell Compound Library clinical trial 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“We report a case of alien hand sign in a male with stroke and briefly discuss
the pathogenesis of this rare condition symptom.”
“PurposeThis Fedratinib purchase article investigates the safety of radiofrequency induced local thermal hotspots within a 1.5T body coil by assessing the transient local peak temperatures as a function of exposure level and local thermoregulation in four anatomical human models in different Z-positions. MethodsTo quantize the effective thermal stress of the tissues, the thermal dose model cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 degrees C was employed, allowing the prediction of thermal tissue damage risk and the identification of potentially hazardous MR scan-scenarios. The numerical results were validated by B-1(+)- and skin temperature measurements. ResultsAt continuous 4 W/kg whole-body exposure, peak tissue temperatures of up to 42.8 degrees C were computed for the thermoregulated model (60 degrees C in nonregulated case). When applying cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 degrees C damage thresholds of 15 min (muscle, skin, fat, and bone) and 2 min (other), possible tissue damage cannot be excluded after 25 min for the thermoregulated model (4 min in nonregulated). ConclusionThe results are found to be consistent with the history of safe use in MR scanning, but not with current safety guidelines. For future safety concepts, we suggest to use thermal dose models instead of temperatures or SAR. Special safety concerns for patients with impaired thermoregulation (e.g.