With the highest dose of 2-NP, significantly increased numbers and areas of GST-P-positive
foci were demonstrated as compared with the respective control but were not noted with 1-NP. In the non-DEN-initiated groups, many small GST-P-positive foci of less than 0.2 mm in diameter were also induced in the rats treated with 2-NP at 20 mg/kg/day buy PND-1186 but were lacking with 1-NP. These results strongly support that 2-NP is a complete hepatocarcinogen with a potent initiation activity, whereas 1-NP is not. (DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.207; J Toxicol Pathol 2011; 24: 207-213)”
“Background: There is an ongoing controversy over the relative merits of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized observational studies in assessing efficacy and guiding policy. In this paper we examine male circumcision to prevent HIV infection as a case study that can illuminate the appropriate role of different types of evidence for public health interventions.
Discussion: Based on an analysis of two Cochrane reviews, one published in 2003 before the results of three RCTs, and one in 2009, we argue that if we rely solely on evidence from RCTs and exclude evidence from well-designed non-randomized studies, we limit our ability to provide sound public health recommendations. Furthermore, the bias in favor of RCT evidence has
delayed research on policy relevant issues.
Summary: This Blebbistatin case study of circumcision and HIV prevention demonstrates that if we rely solely on evidence from RCTs and exclude evidence from well-designed non-randomized studies, we limit our ability to provide sound public health recommendations.”
“To assess the effect of assisted Selleck AR-13324 hatching (AH) site on the clinical outcomes in vitrified-warmed
blastocyst transfer cycles.
A total of 160 women who underwent vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles were randomized to either the ICM group (AH performing at the site near the inner cell mess, ICM), or the TE group (AH performing at the site opposite to the ICM). AH with laser zona drilling was performed 20 or 30 min after thawing once the ICM can be detected. Clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, live birth rate and the occurrence rate of monozygotic twins (MZT) pregnancy after transfer of these two groups were compared.
No significant difference was found in the clinical pregnancy rate (63.8 % vs. 67.5 %), implantation rate (51.7 % vs. 53.6 %) and live birth rate (57.5 % vs. 62.5 %) between the ICM group and the TE group. The occurrence rate of MZT was comparable between the two groups (3.9 % vs. 5.6 %).
The site of assisted hatching has no influence on the implantation, pregnancy and live birth rate in human vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles.