The present results further suggest the existence of at least two functionally and pharmacologically different populations of striatal postsynaptic A(2A)Rs. Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Objectives. Transitions from marriage to widowhood are consequential and fraught with risk in developing country contexts. We investigate whether transitions to widowhood, DMXAA as well as transitions to worsened functional health, predict transition into coresidential living arrangements with children in a rapidly aging China. We also inquire whether coresidence transitions vary by older adults’ gender and the presence of grandchildren in skip
generation households.
Methods. Longitudinal prospective analyses of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys (1998-2005) assess whether transition to widowhood and transition to relatively poor functional health influence
elderly coresidence with children. Several logistic regression models are estimated using robust standard error estimation to address data clustering at the person level.
Results. When coresidence shifts occur, they are shaped by the needs of older adults. Specifically, a significant rise in coresidential living follows widowhood selleck products as well as deterioration in functional health. Among older adults coresiding with grandchildren, shifts to coresidence with own children following widowhood and worsened functional health are attenuated, suggesting that skip generation households may be supportive arrangements for older adults.
Discussion. Results are interpreted in light of the adaptability of living arrangements, novel forms such as skip generation households, and intergenerational support for China’s Selleck PU-H71 elderly population.”
“Thrombin activates immunocompetent
microglia and increases release of inflammatory cytokines under intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) insults. Also, thrombin injection into the striatum evokes acute necrosis and delayed apoptosis of neurons. A nucleoprotein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) that is released from necrotic cells has been suggested to behave like a cytokine and cause over-facilitation of immune functions. Here we examined the effect of glycyrrhizin, known as an inhibitor of HMGB1, on thrombin-induced injury in rat cortico-striatal slice cultures and in vivo rat ICH model. In slice cultures, thrombin-induced a drastic increase in propidium iodide fluorescence indicating necrotic cell death in the cortical region, and robust shrinkage of the striatal tissue. Glycyrrhizin (10-100 mu M) attenuated thrombin-induced cortical injury in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effect of glycyrrhizin was not mediated by glucocorticoid receptors or modulation of nitric oxide production, but was reversed by exogenous HMGB1 application. The injury induced by a high concentration of HMGB1 was suppressed by glycyrrhizin.